Abstract

In 1969 the Italian State and society underwent four systemic crises within the country’s institutional and social body. The crises of the Armed Forces, industrial relations, political party system and public order contributed to the composition of the framework and overall historical conditions that would lead to the attacks in Milan and Rome on 12 December 1969 and, on the same day, the piazza Fontana massacre as the Senate voted on the approval of the “Workers’ statuteµ.