The one between Emilio Betti and Benedetto Croce is an important intellectual relationship, not yet sufficiently investigated. The article aims to contribute to such an investigation. First, through a reconstruction, in its developments, of the dispute between the two scholars, in the immediate aftermath of the publication of Betti’s lecture on Diritto romano e dogmatica odierna (1928), reviewed by Croce in 1930. Then, attempting to shed new light on an affair, well-known in its main features, perhaps not yet completely understood in its more specific theoretical implications.