My article intends to retrace and discuss the Italian translation of Marx’s Comments on James Mill, Élémens D’économie Politique, included within the third volume of the Italian Marx-Engels Opere Complete, edited by Nicolao Merker in 1976 and published by Editori Riuniti. This translation gains a certain relevance in the history of the Italian translations of Marx’s writings, since it integrated and contrasted some concurrent translations and set a new fruitful terminological standard in the Italian Opere complete. Nevertheless, I will examine also its limits and discuss some alternative translations, arguing for a new edition on the basis of the new German historical critical edition of Marx and Engels (MEGA).